How Arbitrum works

A technical look at the protocols and mechanisms behind Arbitrum Nitro.

A technical look at how Arbitrum works: the Nitro architecture, the protocols that settle transactions on Ethereum, the BoLD dispute protocol, and Timeboost transaction ordering.

Deep dives

AnyTrust, ArbOS, assertions, messaging, gas and fees, and the transaction lifecycle.

Reference

The sequencer and Arbitrum's Geth fork.

The BoLD dispute protocol

How BoLD resolves disputes over chain state.

Timeboost

Transaction ordering and the Timeboost auction.

Deep dives

Detailed explanations of AnyTrust, ArbOS, assertions, messaging, gas, and the transaction lifecycle.